A new study suggests that patients with alpha-galactose syndrome, a red meat-related allergy, may also experience reactions to dental products and medications containing animal-derived ingredients.
A study published in the July issue of the Journal of the American Dental Association (JADA) reviewed clinical studies, reviews, and case reports from 1990 to 2024. The study found that the most common dental-related reactions were associated with animal-derived hemostats.
“Dentists need to understand the patient’s medical history and past reactions,” said Dr. Ashraf Fouad, chair of the American Dental Association’s Committee on Scientific Affairs. “Consulting an allergist or immunologist can provide more insight. Emergency management of alpha-galactose reactions is similar to emergency management of other severe allergic reactions.”
Alpha-galactose is a sugar molecule found in most mammals but not humans. According to the Cleveland Clinic, tick bites transfer alpha-galactose into the bloodstream, sensitizing people to red meat and triggering allergic reactions.
Allergic reactions can include skin symptoms, digestive problems, breathing difficulties, low blood pressure, and life-threatening anaphylaxis.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that more than 110,000 suspected cases were confirmed between 2010 and 2022, but the actual number is likely much higher—potentially affecting 450,000 Americans.
In addition to red meat, patients may also experience allergic reactions to products containing mammal-derived ingredients, such as gelatin, dairy products, medications, and personal care products. However, not all patients will react to all sources of α-galactose.
JADA emphasizes that many dental products contain animal-derived ingredients, such as gelatin, collagen, glycerin, hydrogels, and carrageenan.
These products include saliva substitutes, bone and gum grafts, chlorhexidine mouthwash, collagen fillers, fluoride supplements, gelatin capsules, lip balm, mouthwash, preventative pastes, sutures, toothpaste, and whitening gels.
According to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, drug manufacturers are not required to disclose animal-derived ingredients on packaging. To help, Pill Clarity, a company specializing in allergen-free and animal-free health products, has identified safe alternatives to certain antibiotics, mouthwashes, whitening gels, dental floss, desensitizing gels, local anesthetics, pain relievers, preventative toothpastes, and sutures.
“By strictly avoiding animal-derived dental products, implant materials, and medications, dentists can reduce the risk of adverse reactions in their alpha-gal patients,” Dr. Fouad emphasizes.