Studies have shown that depression is closely linked to poor dental health, largely due to neglected oral hygiene and biological changes associated with stress.
According to Dr Rahimah Abdul Kadir, a dental public health specialist and chairman of the Alliance for a Cavity Free Future Malaysia, people with depression face a higher risk of developing periodontal, or gum, disease. One reason is the increased level of cortisol, a steroid hormone released during stress and low blood sugar, which can accelerate the progression of gum disease.
Medication used to treat depression can also contribute to oral health problems by causing dry mouth, a condition that reduces saliva flow. Saliva plays a crucial role in keeping the mouth clean, lubricating soft tissues, and providing natural immune protection.
“When saliva is reduced, the soft tissues in the mouth become more fragile, increasing the risk of painful recurrent ulcers and oral infections,” Dr Rahimah explained.
Depression is also associated with high-risk behaviours such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and drug abuse, all of which are known to damage oral health.
Dr Rahimah stressed that patients with depression should be encouraged to take extra care of their dental health. This includes maintaining good oral hygiene, practising healthy eating habits, and limiting the intake of sugary foods and drinks.
She advised rinsing the mouth after every meal and brushing teeth effectively twice a day for at least two minutes each time. Keeping the mouth moist by regularly sipping plain water is also important.
Fluoride, she added, has significant benefits for teeth, oral bacteria, and saliva. Patients should use fluoridated toothpaste and drink fluoridated water, while avoiding treated mineral water that may lack essential minerals needed for healthy teeth.
Most importantly, Dr Rahimah urged people not to delay dental visits. “Anyone who has not seen a dentist recently should go for a check-up,” she said.
