A new protein-based, fluoride-free dental gel may revolutionize the way tooth enamel is repaired and restored, according to researchers at the University of Nottingham in the U.K.
Unlike traditional fluoride treatments, which strengthen enamel by adding calcium and phosphorus to resist acid and cavities, this gel mimics natural proteins that drive enamel growth during infancy. The research, published in Nature Communications, suggests the gel could restore enamel rather than just prevent further decay.
“When our material is applied to demineralized or eroded enamel, or exposed dentine, it promotes the growth of crystals in an organized manner, effectively recovering the structure of natural, healthy enamel,” said Dr. Abshar Hasan, a leading author of the study and faculty member at the university’s School of Pharmacy and Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering.
The gel contains elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs), which replicate the structure and function of the enamel-developing matrix. Once applied to teeth, the ELRs form a protective layer over enamel, sealing cracks and holes. They then stimulate the growth of apatite nanocrystals, rebuilding the enamel’s microarchitecture.
Enamel erosion is a common issue, affecting nearly 46% of children and almost 80% of adults in the United States. Currently, no treatment fully restores damaged enamel. Existing solutions, such as fluoride varnishes or remineralizing mouthwashes, only address symptoms like tooth sensitivity.
The University of Nottingham team sees broad potential for their gel. “It is safe, easy to apply, and scalable,” said Professor Alvaro Mata, who led the research. “Its versatility opens the possibility for multiple types of products, benefiting patients of all ages who suffer from enamel loss or exposed dentine.”
The breakthrough has already led to the creation of a startup, Mintech-Bio, which aims to bring the gel to market by 2026.
Researchers hope that once available, the product could transform dental care by providing a way to repair enamel naturally, rather than simply protecting it.
If successful, this innovation could mark a major shift in oral health, moving treatments from preventive care to actual regeneration of tooth enamel.