Scientists have discovered that a natural compound found in cruciferous vegetables could offer a significant breakthrough in oral health. It can remove over 90% of the bacterial biofilm underlying dental plaque, offering a potential avenue for the development of new toothpastes and mouthwashes.
Dental caries is a global health problem, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where it affects over 60% of primary and secondary school children.
Increased carbohydrate intake alters the microbial community on tooth surfaces, increasing the presence of acid-resistant bacteria, particularly Streptococcus mutans. This bacteria thrives in high-sugar, low-pH environments and is a major cause of tooth decay.
While toothpaste, mouthwash, and regular dental checkups can currently help control tooth decay, scientists are searching for safer and more effective natural solutions.
Researchers from the National University of Singapore and other institutions have discovered that a compound called 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) can reduce the biofilm underlying dental plaque and cavities by over 90%.
DIM is a compound naturally produced by the body when it digests cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, cabbage, and kale. Studies have shown that DIM primarily targets Streptococcus mutans, a key bacterium in tooth decay.
Even at very low concentrations, it inhibits biofilm formation by 92%, reduces the colloid required for bacterial attachment, and weakens biofilm stability.
Early research also suggests that DIM has anti-cancer properties and low toxicity to normal cells, making it a potentially safe oral care ingredient.
“This molecule has low toxicity and could be added to toothpaste and mouthwashes, potentially improving oral hygiene,” said Ariel Kushmaro, one of the study authors.
The research team noted that DIM exhibits anti-biofilm and anti-virulence properties against S. mutans in the oral environment, providing strong evidence for its potential to reduce biofilm formation and potentially prevent tooth decay. While still in its early stages, this discovery offers new hope for the development of natural dental care products.
