New research from University College London (UCL) reveals worsening tooth decay among adults in England, underscoring an urgent need for better dental care policies, wider access to treatment, and stronger public health initiatives.
The latest Adult Oral Health Survey (AOHS), commissioned by the Government’s Office for Health Improvements and Disparities (OHID), found that 41% of adults showed obvious signs of tooth decay—up from 28% in 2009 and comparable to levels last seen in 1998. The survey interviewed 2,285 people, with 1,619 undergoing oral examinations.
Using sensitive measures that assess enamel decay, researchers found that 64% of participants had decay in at least one tooth. Moreover, 42% reported that their oral health affected their daily lives, up from 33% in 2009, and nearly one in five (19%) faced potentially urgent dental issues, including pain and deep decay.
Professor George Tsakos, of UCL’s Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, said: “These findings are deeply alarming. Earlier oral health gains have been reversed, and untreated tooth decay is now back to 1998 levels.
Adults in deprived areas are suffering disproportionately, reporting up to three times more pain and lower quality of life, while also struggling to access dental appointments.”
The survey also highlights declining regular dental visits. Only 52% of adults said they attend check-ups, down from 61% in 2009, while 35% visit the dentist only when problems arise. Additionally, 40% reported difficulty finding an NHS dentist, and 31% cannot afford treatment.
Dr Anja Heilmann, also from UCL, emphasized the importance of prevention across all life stages. “Reducing sugar consumption is key—not only to prevent tooth decay, but also to tackle obesity and other health conditions. Oral and general health are closely linked and must be addressed together in public health strategies,” she said.
The study calls for urgent action to address rising tooth decay, improve dental care accessibility, and promote preventive measures, particularly in deprived communities.