A new gel capable of repairing and regenerating tooth enamel could transform dental care, providing longer-lasting and more effective treatments.
Researchers at the University of Nottingham have developed a bioinspired material that can rebuild worn or damaged enamel, strengthen healthy teeth, and prevent future decay. Their findings were published today in Nature Communications.
The gel can be applied quickly, similar to how dentists currently use fluoride treatments. Unlike traditional methods, this protein-based gel contains no fluoride. Instead, it mimics the natural proteins that guide enamel growth in infancy. Once applied, the gel forms a thin, durable layer that penetrates the tooth, filling cracks and holes. It then acts as a scaffold, drawing calcium and phosphate ions from saliva and promoting the organized growth of new mineral. This process, called epitaxial mineralization, integrates the new enamel with the natural tooth, restoring both its structure and function.
The material can also be applied to exposed dentine, growing an enamel-like layer over it. This approach can reduce tooth sensitivity and improve the bonding of dental restorations.
Enamel erosion is a major cause of tooth decay and affects nearly half of the world’s population. Loss of enamel can lead to infections, tooth loss, and even contribute to conditions such as diabetes and heart disease. Because enamel cannot naturally regenerate, current treatments—like fluoride varnishes and remineralization solutions—only address symptoms rather than repairing the tissue.
Dr. Abshar Hasan, a postdoctoral fellow and lead author of the study, explained: “Dental enamel has a unique structure that protects our teeth from physical, chemical, and thermal damage throughout life. Our material promotes the organized growth of crystals on damaged enamel or exposed dentine, restoring the natural architecture of healthy teeth. We tested the regenerated enamel under conditions simulating real-life situations such as brushing, chewing, and acidic food exposure. The results show that it behaves just like natural enamel.”
Professor Alvaro Mata, Chair in Biomedical Engineering & Biomaterials and the study’s lead investigator, said: “We designed this technology with both clinicians and patients in mind. It is safe, easy to apply, and scalable. Its versatility also allows for translation into multiple products to help patients of all ages with enamel loss and exposed dentine. Through our start-up company, Mintech-Bio, we aim to release the first product next year. This innovation could soon benefit patients worldwide.”