Nearly half of Americans may be drinking water contaminated with PFAS, a group of “forever chemicals” linked to serious health risks. According to the EPA, over 150 million U.S. residents have tap water containing these persistent substances.
“Just because water looks, smells, and tastes fine doesn’t mean it’s safe,” warns Dr. Eric Roy of Culligan. PFAS are invisible and tasteless, yet can accumulate in the body over time.
PFAS, or perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are used in everyday products like nonstick cookware, plastics, stain-resistant fabrics, waterproof clothing, food packaging, cleaning products, and even dental floss. First introduced widely in 1946 with Teflon cookware, decades of use have led to widespread environmental and human exposure.
Health risks linked to PFAS include certain cancers, reproductive issues, low birth weight, endocrine disruption, thyroid disease, increased cholesterol, weight gain, and developmental delays in children. Pregnant women, children, and those living near industrial sites are especially vulnerable.
Testing your water can begin with online resources such as the Environmental Working Group’s Tap Water Database or the “Is My Water Safe” database. Residents on private wells or near high-risk areas can also use mail-in lab tests. State-certified labs may offer discounted or free PFAS testing.
The EPA advises that water containing more than 4 parts per trillion (ppt) of PFAS may pose health risks, though even lower levels can be harmful. Not all PFAS carry the same risk, so experts recommend consulting resources like the EWG database to interpret results accurately.
If contamination is detected, water filters can reduce PFAS levels. Options include granular activated carbon, ion exchange resins, and reverse osmosis systems. Countertop carbon filters are cost-effective, while reverse osmosis systems provide broader protection. Experts emphasize filtering water used for drinking and cooking as the top priority.
Filters certified for PFAS removal, indicated by NSF/ANSI standards, are recommended. EWG’s Tap Water Database also lists filters suitable for local water conditions and specific PFAS contaminants.