Red, bleeding gums during brushing may signal gingivitis, a common inflammatory gum disease affecting up to 100% of people at some point in their lives. Early detection is crucial: untreated gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, leading to bone loss and tooth loss.
Gingivitis occurs when the gums, or gingiva, become inflamed due to plaque buildup on teeth. Symptoms include redness, mild swelling, bleeding during brushing or flossing, and occasionally bad breath. While painless initially, the disease develops over days of poor oral hygiene.
Several factors increase the risk, including hormonal changes during puberty, pregnancy, menstruation, and oral contraceptive use. Medical conditions such as diabetes, leukemia, dry mouth, and certain medications can worsen symptoms.
Infections from bacteria, viruses, or fungi may also cause gingivitis, often accompanied by fever or swollen lymph nodes. Trauma from aggressive brushing, burns, or drug use can trigger acute inflammation.
Early-stage gingivitis can be partially managed at home by thorough brushing to remove plaque. However, hardened deposits called calculus require professional removal by a dentist or hygienist using ultrasonic or manual scalers.
Post-treatment care may include prescription mouthwash, such as chlorhexidine, for up to two weeks. Prolonged use is not recommended due to potential staining and altered taste. Alcohol-free mouthwashes are available for children or those with dry mouths.
Prevention remains key: brush twice daily, floss once daily, and attend regular dental check-ups. Dental professionals can detect and treat gingivitis early, preventing more severe oral disease and preserving long-term oral health.